Neural Regulation
*Neural Regulation
-The activity of the respiratory muscles, the diaphragm and external intercostals, is regulated by nerve impulses transmitter by the brain which are phrenic and intercostal nerves.
The centers that control the respiratory rhythm and depth are located in the medulla and pons. The medulla sets the basic rhythm of breathing which contains the self-exciting inspiratory center. The pons centers appear smooth out the basic rhythm of inspiration and expiration set by the medulla. Impulses between the pons and medulla centers maintain a rate of 12-15 respirations per minute. This normal respiration rate is referred to as eupnea. Also, the bronchioles and alveoli have stretch receptors that respond to extreme over inflation. This could damage the lungs. During overinflation, impulses are sent from the stretch receptors to the medulla by the vagus nerves. Then inspiration ends and expiration begins.
During exercise, we breath more vigorously and deeply because the brain centers send more impulses to the respiratory muscles. This pattern is called hyperpnea. However, the rate of breathing may not be greatly increased with exercising.
-The activity of the respiratory muscles, the diaphragm and external intercostals, is regulated by nerve impulses transmitter by the brain which are phrenic and intercostal nerves.
The centers that control the respiratory rhythm and depth are located in the medulla and pons. The medulla sets the basic rhythm of breathing which contains the self-exciting inspiratory center. The pons centers appear smooth out the basic rhythm of inspiration and expiration set by the medulla. Impulses between the pons and medulla centers maintain a rate of 12-15 respirations per minute. This normal respiration rate is referred to as eupnea. Also, the bronchioles and alveoli have stretch receptors that respond to extreme over inflation. This could damage the lungs. During overinflation, impulses are sent from the stretch receptors to the medulla by the vagus nerves. Then inspiration ends and expiration begins.
During exercise, we breath more vigorously and deeply because the brain centers send more impulses to the respiratory muscles. This pattern is called hyperpnea. However, the rate of breathing may not be greatly increased with exercising.